Leukaemia: Definition and Classification

Leukaemia: Definition and Classification

Introduction

Leukaemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, characterized by the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. Understanding leukaemia and its classifications is crucial for diagnosis and treatment, as each type presents unique challenges.

"Knowledge is key to conquering disease."

What is Leukaemia?

Leukaemia is a malignancy that originates in the bone marrow and results in the production of an excessive number of abnormal white blood cells. These abnormal cells interfere with the production of normal blood cells, leading to various health complications, including weakness, anemia, bleeding tendencies, and increased susceptibility to infections.

Classification of Leukaemia

Leukaemia can be classified based on two main criteria: the speed of progression (acute vs. chronic) and the type of white blood cell affected (lymphoid vs. myeloid). This classification helps in determining the treatment approach and prognosis.

1. Based on Progression Speed

- Acute Leukaemia: This form of leukaemia progresses rapidly and requires immediate medical intervention. Symptoms often appear abruptly due to the rapid accumulation of immature cells in the bloodstream.
- Chronic Leukaemia: In chronic leukaemia, the disease progresses more slowly. Patients may not experience symptoms for years, and the body may produce more mature white blood cells, albeit still abnormal.

2. Based on Cell Type

- Lymphocytic Leukaemia: Affects lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. It can be further subdivided into:

  • Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL): Commonly found in children but can also affect adults.
  • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL): Mostly seen in older adults, this type develops slowly and may not require treatment right away.
- Myeloid Leukaemia: Affects myeloid cells, which produce red blood cells, platelets, and some types of white blood cells. It includes:
  • Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML): Rapidly progressing leukaemia found in both children and adults.
  • Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML): A slower-growing form of leukaemia that often occurs in adults.

Key Points to Remember

  • Leukaemia affects the bone marrow and blood, leading to abnormal white blood cell production.
  • It is classified into acute and chronic forms based on progression speed.
  • Further classification is based on whether the leukaemia affects lymphoid or myeloid cells.

Conclusion

Leukaemia presents a complex challenge in the field of hematology, impacting both the quantity and quality of blood cells. A clear understanding of its definitions and classifications is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment strategies. Continuous research and advancements in medical science hold the promise of better outcomes for those affected by this disease.